Pre-calculus

PRECALCULUSPrecalculusPRECALCULUS PAGE 1 OF 2There ar many different applications in the sciences where logarithmic ordered seriess are used to model and report instruction . Logarithmic scales are used in biology , chemistry , physics , and geology . They are also used in pecuniary accounting , such as calculating annuity fall to . The two examples that will be discussed in this are the Richter overmatch used to measure the magnitude of seisms , and in the calculation of pH values from the submerging of [H ] ionsThe Richter scale was named for its inventor , Charles Richter . In 1934 he developed a scale based on the put lot , or base 10 , logarithm . For all(prenominal) wholly digit that the scale increases , the magnitude of the quake increases by cristal fold . olibanum a magnitude 3 temblor has ten clock the earth movement as a magnitude 2 earthquake . Magnitude is barely a measurement of earth movement based on the bounteousness of the seismic waves . postcode let loose is an other(a) proposition . Energy release is proportional to wave amplitude . separately on the whole number increase in the Richter scale is equivalent to 31 quantify the competency released by the preceding(prenominal) whole number . In other words , a magnitude 5 earthquake would release 31 times more muscle than a magnitude 4 earthquake (USGS 2006 br. 1To put this in perspective , consider that the seismic waves of a magnitude 1 earthquake release about the akin amount of slide fastener that a six ounce commissioning of trinitrotoluene would release . A magnitude 8 earthquake would release the same energy as five jillion gross tons of trinitrotoluene . The math for this is quite simplistic . Given that a magnitude 1 earthquake releases the energy of 6 ounces of TNT . Since thi s is a logarithmic scale , a magnitude 8 ear! thquake gives off 317 times as much . This is equivalent to 1 .

651 X 1011 ounces of TNT , there are 16 ounces in a pound , so this equals 1 .032 X 1011 pounds of TNT , or , since there are 2000 pounds in a ton , it is equivalent to 5 ,158 ,615 pounds of the fickle (Michigan Technological University 2007 ,. 1PRECALCULUS PAGE 2 OF 2PH is defined as the cast out log of the hydrogen ion concentrationThus pH -log [H ] . Therefore , calculating the pH of any given resoluteness is equivalent to taking the controvert log of the hydrogen ion concentration . For example , assume that a base has 3 .0 X 10-5 Moles / lite r of Hydrogen ions . -LOG 3 .0 X 10-5 4 .52 . Thus , the pH of a solution that is 3 .0 X 10-5 Moles /Liter of hydrogen ions is 4 .52 theoretically , there is no stop number or deject limit to pH , but the solubility of substances in body of water makes going below 1 or above 14 very difficult . Since this is a logarithmic scale , a change is one pH value is equivalent to every ten times more blistering or saltlike , depending on the direction . In other words , a pH of 3 is ten times more acerb then a pH of...If you inadequacy to get a full essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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